Trafficking in human beings is considered one of the most problematic issues in today's global society. Because this problem is occurring around the world, it must be addressed globally. At the ASEAN level,
trafficking in human beings is one of the cross-border offenses committed across national borders or within one country but has a significant impact on another country. Similarly, Cambodia is confronted with this type of serious crime as a transit, origin and recipient nation.
Types of trafficking
According to the
International Labor Organization (ILO), forced labor is "work or service required of a threatened or punished person, including criminal sanctions and the loss of rights and privileges if the person has not volunteered. "
In terms of recruitment, traffickers resort to deception, in particular through false promises of well-paid jobs or the opportunity to study abroad. In many cases, the victims are abroad, locked up in homes, and their passports are confiscated by traffickers, forcing them to work in prostitution through threats, violence, abuse, and rape. Very often the victims are promised freedom only after they have earned their purchase price and their travel and visa costs through prostitution.
After sexual exploitation, the most visible form of
exploitation of trafficking is organ harvesting. The victims of this type of exploitation are mostly children. The children were taken from the organ for begging and peddling (selling small implements, flowers, and cigarettes).
Current situation
Cambodia is the country of origin, transit, and
destination of human trafficking. Cambodian men, women, and children are trafficked in Thailand, Malaysia, Macao, and Taiwan for sexual exploitation and labor exploitation. Men are sold for forced labor in agriculture, fisheries, and construction. Women are trafficked into factories or as domestic workers for sexual exploitation and forced labor. Children are sold for sexual exploitation and forced labor in organized beggars, advertising, street vendors and flower sales. The Ministry of Social and Rehabilitation recognized that 76 percent of traffickers returned from Thailand came from families who owned land, 93 percent had their own home and no debts on land or in the home, and 47 percent said their own Mother it was the mediator of their trade. As a transitional country, Cambodia is a transit country for victims who were deported from Vietnam to Thailand. Cambodia is a destination for women and children traded for reasons of sexual exploitation from Vietnam and China.
Causes and effects of trafficking in Cambodia
There are many causes of trafficking in Cambodia. Poverty is an important factor that has increased the vulnerability of women and
children to trafficking, especially of the poor and the unemployed, because of their willingness to join or their low awareness of the trafficking-related risks. Poverty is again seen as the main reason for choosing to migrate to work across the sea. In addition to poverty, lack of education and unemployment, there are also significant social and cultural factors that contribute to trafficking in human beings. For example, cultural norms that maintain a lack of respect for women increase the likelihood that they will be exploited. Similarly, the perception of children as wage earners also increases the likelihood of trafficking. In addition, low levels of education, family debt, agricultural failure, lack of land and off-peak work pushed people into major cities or other countries, while men went to construction, women to work and prostitution.
Conclusion
I would recommend to the Cambodian Government to continue the implementation of the Comprehensive Anti-Trafficking Law and to train law enforcement and government officials on the new law. In addition, a significant improvement in the number of prosecutions, convictions, and punishments of offenders, especially in areas outside the capital, should also be considered. In addition, Cambodia should and should make greater efforts to prosecute, convict and punish civil servants involved in trafficking.
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